摘要

新质生产力以技术革命性突破、产业深度转型升级为核心，对大学生 T 型复合就业能力提出更高标准。高校毕业生在产业迭代、岗位重构背景下面临学业、职业发展多重压力，压力知觉成为影响就业能力发展的重要心理变量。基于压力认知评价理论，结合352份压力知觉问卷调查数据分析发现，过高的压力知觉会降低大学生自尊水平，削弱自我调节学习能力，进一步制约专业技能、创新素养与职业适配能力发展，造成人才供给与新兴产业岗位需求错配。本文剖析新质生产力场景下大学生压力知觉与就业能力之间的内在逻辑，结合调研数据图表分析压力知觉现状，梳理压力知觉制约就业能力提升的现实困境，从个体心理调适、高校育人改革、政校企协同保障三个维度构建实践路径，以期助力大学生化解心理压力，培育适配新产业的综合就业能力，推动实现高质量充分就业。

Abstract

New quality productive forces, characterized by revolutionary technological breakthroughs and profound industrial transformation and upgrading, have raised higher requirements for university students' T-shaped employability, which integrates specialized expertise with interdisciplinary competencies. Against the backdrop of industrial evolution and job restructuring, university graduates face multiple pressures related to academic performance and career development, making perceived stress an important psychological variable influencing employability development. Based on the cognitive appraisal theory of stress and an analysis of survey data collected from 352 perceived stress questionnaires, this study finds that excessive perceived stress may undermine university students' self-esteem, weaken their self-regulated learning abilities, and further constrain the development of professional skills, innovative competencies, and career adaptability, thereby contributing to a mismatch between talent supply and the demands of emerging industries. This paper examines the underlying relationship between perceived stress and employability among university students in the context of new quality productive forces, analyzes the current state of perceived stress through survey data and graphical representations, and identifies the practical challenges posed by perceived stress to employability enhancement. Furthermore, it proposes practical pathways from three dimensions: individual psychological adjustment, reform of university education and talent cultivation, and collaborative support mechanisms involving government, universities, and enterprises. The study aims to help university students alleviate psychological stress, cultivate comprehensive employability aligned with the demands of emerging industries, and contribute to the realization of high-quality and full employment.

参考文献