教师视角下孤独症儿童学前融合教育支持的现状与突破路径

摘要

开展融合教育支持相关研究，能够助力孤独症幼儿深度参与全纳教育、保障学前融合教育落地实施。本研究采用问卷调查法，选取唐山市 80 名从事孤独症学前融合教育的一线教师为调查对象，从行政支持、教师支持、家长支持三个维度，基于教师视角探究当地孤独症幼儿学前融合教育支持现状。研究结果显示：第一，唐山市孤独症学前融合教育支持整体处于中等偏上水平，教师支持维度表现最优；第二，融合教育支持评价在教师学历维度存在显著差异，在所学专业、教师岗位类型维度无显著差异；第三，幼儿情绪行为问题突出、综合发展能力薄弱、家长消极放任的教养态度是当前亟待破解的现实困境。据此提出优化路径：加大融合教育社会宣传力度，完善专业教育资源配套，健全特教人才分层培养体系，贴合学前融合实践现实需求，构建学校、家庭、社会多主体协同联动的孤独症幼儿全纳教育支持体系。

Abstract

Research on inclusive education support is conducive to facilitating the deep engagement of autistic preschoolers in inclusive education and ensuring the implementation of preschool inclusive education. This study adopted a questionnaire survey approach, selecting 80 frontline teachers engaged in preschool inclusive education for children with autism in Tangshan City as respondents. From the teacher’s perspective, it explored the current status of support for preschool inclusive education for autistic children in the local area from three dimensions: administrative support, teacher support, and parental support. The results revealed that: First, the overall support for preschool inclusive education for children with autism in Tangshan is at an above-average level, with the teacher support dimension performing the best; Second, there are significant differences in the evaluation of inclusive education support across teachers’ educational levels, while no significant differences exist in terms of their academic majors or job types; Third, prominent emotional and behavioral problems of children, weak comprehensive developmental abilities, and parents’ passive and laissez-faire parenting attitudes are the practical dilemmas that urgently need to be addressed. Based on these findings, the following optimization pathways are proposed: Strengthen social publicity on inclusive education, improve the allocation of professional educational resources, perfect the hierarchical training system for special education talents, align with the practical needs of preschool inclusive education, and construct a multi-agent collaborative support system for inclusive education for autistic preschoolers involving schools, families, and society.

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