导学关系是医学研究生教育质量的核心决定因素,其特殊性源于医学教育 "学术 - 临床双轨制" 的本质特征。本文采用文献计量分析与系统综述方法,检索 CNKI、Web of Science、PubMed 等数据库 2000-2025 年发表的 876 篇中英文核心文献,系统梳理了医学研究生导学关系研究的三个发展阶段,归纳了 "内涵与类型学"" 影响因素与作用机制 ""问题与优化策略" 三大核心研究主题,辨析了关于导师角色定位、双导师制效果、师生权责边界等关键争议点。研究发现,现有研究存在 "理论建构碎片化"" 实证研究同质化 ""医学特殊性凸显不足"" 人文维度边缘化 "四大局限。针对这些不足,本文创新性地整合现有研究成果,提出了" 三维共生导学共同体 " 理论框架,从学术共生、临床共生和人文共生三个维度阐释了新时代医学研究生导学关系的本质内涵,并从理论建构、实证研究、实践应用三个层面展望了未来研究方向,为医学研究生教育改革提供了新的理论视角和研究思路。
医学研究生;导学关系;系统综述;三维共生;导学共同体;医学教育
The tutor-graduate student relationship is a core determinant of the quality of medical graduate education, and its uniqueness stems from the essential characteristic of the "academic-clinical dual-track system" in medical education. This paper adopts bibliometric analysis and systematic review methods to systematically sort out three developmental stages of research on the tutor-graduate student relationship in medical graduate education. It summarizes three core research themes: "connotation and typology," "influencing factors and mechanisms," and "problems and optimization strategies," and analyzes key controversial points such as the role orientation of mentors, the effectiveness of the dual-mentor system, and the boundaries of teacher-student rights and responsibilities. The study finds that existing research suffers from four major limitations: "fragmented theoretical construction," "homogenization of empirical research," "insufficient emphasis on the specificity of medicine," and "marginalization of the humanistic dimension." In response to these deficiencies, this paper innovatively integrates existing research findings and proposes a "three-dimensional symbiotic tutor-graduate student community" theoretical framework. This framework elucidates the essential connotation of the tutor-graduate student relationship in medical graduate education in the new era from three dimensions: academic symbiosis, clinical symbiosis, and humanistic symbiosis. It also outlines future research directions from three levels: theoretical construction, empirical research, and practical application, providing a new theoretical perspective and research approach for the reform of medical graduate education.
medical graduate students; tutor-student relationship; systematic review; three-dimensional symbiosis; tutor-student community; medical education
李双洁,任海燕,吴斗艳,刘源,李梦泉,荀涛. 医学研究生导学关系研究的演进、争议与未来展望 —— 兼论 "三维共生导学共同体" 的理论建构[J]. 人文与社会科学学刊. 2026, 2 (8): 86-93. DOI: 10.70693/202607094707.
李双洁, 任海燕, 吴斗艳, 刘源, 李梦泉, 荀涛. (2026). 医学研究生导学关系研究的演进、争议与未来展望 —— 兼论 "三维共生导学共同体" 的理论建构. 人文与社会科学学刊, 2 (8), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.70693/202607094707