电商平台“处罚”行为的正当程序规制

孙明金

doi:10.70693/202610191170

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电商平台“处罚”行为的正当程序规制

Regulation of Due Process in E-commerce Platform "Punishment" Actions

作者：孙明金

单位：江苏师范大学法学院

卷期：2026年11月-2卷11期

通讯作者：孙明金

DOI：10.70693/202610191170

页码：19-23

发布时间：2026-11-05

总浏览量：171

摘要

电商平台为了保证交易的秩序，一般会对平台内的经营者采取封禁店铺、降低搜索权重、扣划保证金等处罚措施。此类行为虽然发生在私法自治的外衣之下，但是具有准行政处罚的实质特征，而现行法律对其程序约束明显不足。本文用行政法上的正当程序原则来证明平台处罚应该受到告知、听取申辩、说明理由和救济告知等最低程序标准的限制。经过研究发现，平台处罚在告知、申辩、说明理由和救济这四个环节都存在着结构性的缺陷，其根本原因就是存在“三单方”权力结构缺少程序制衡的问题。在此基础上，本文认为以《网络交易平台规则监督管理办法》的实施为依托，创建起“最低程序标准+分档程序+监管备案”的规范化方案。本文认为规范平台处罚程序，本质上就是使数字时代社会公权力始终在法治轨道上运行。

关键词

电商平台处罚；正当程序；准行政处罚；平台私权力；平台规则

Abstract

In order to ensure transactional order, e-commerce platforms generally impose punitive measures on operators within the platform, such as store suspension, reduction of search ranking, and deduction of security deposits. Although these actions occur under the guise of private autonomy, they possess substantive characteristics akin to administrative penalties, yet current laws provide clearly insufficient procedural constraints. This paper uses the principle of due process in administrative law to demonstrate that platform punishments should be subject to minimum procedural standards, including notification, hearing, explanation of reasons, and guidance on remedies. The study finds that platform punishments exhibit structural deficiencies across the four stages of notification, hearing, explanation of reasons, and remedies, fundamentally due to the "three unilateral powers" structure lacking procedural checks and balances. On this basis, the paper proposes a standardized approach based on the implementation of the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Rules on Online Trading Platforms, entailing a "minimum procedural standards, tiered procedures, and regulatory filing" framework. It is argued that standardizing platform punishment procedures essentially ensures that social public power operates within the rule-of-law framework in the digital era.

Keywords

E-commerce platform punishment; due process; quasi-administrative penalty; private platform power; platform rules

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引用本文

孙明金. 电商平台“处罚”行为的正当程序规制[J]. 人文与社会科学学刊. 2026, 2 (11): 19-23. DOI: 10.70693/202610191170.

APA引用

孙明金. (2026). 电商平台“处罚”行为的正当程序规制. 人文与社会科学学刊, 2 (11), 19-23. https://doi.org/10.70693/202610191170

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