低空经济对乡村就业与收入结构的影响：基于首批试点地区面板数据的实证分析

摘要

低空经济作为新兴新经济形态，依托无人机植保、低空物流、低空文旅等场景向农业农村渗透，成为乡村产业转型、就业与收入结构优化的重要动力。本文选取 2018 2025 年我国低空经济首批试点城市面板数据，以低空经济发展水平为核心解释变量，乡村就业结构、农民收入结构为被解释变量，综合采用描述性统计、相关性分析、多元线性回归、DID 双重差分、中介效应模型，实证检验低空经济对乡村非农就业、工资性收入、经营性收入、财产性收入的影响效应与传导路径。研究表明：低空经济能够显著提升乡村非农就业占比，推动劳动力向非农岗位转移；对农民工资性收入、财产性收入提升作用突出，优化农民收入结构；试点政策具备显著正向净效应，工资性、财产性收入得到政策赋能；产业结构升级发挥部分中介效应，是低空经济作用于农民工资性收入的重要传导渠道。据此本文从低空基建、场景拓展、技能培训、政策保障、产业融合角度提出对策，为低空经济赋能乡村振兴提供实证参考。

Abstract

As an emerging new economy form, the low altitude economy penetrates into agriculture and rural areas through scenarios such as UAV based plant protection, low altitude logistics and low altitude cultural tourism integration, serving as a critical driving force for rural industrial transformation as well as the optimization of employment and income structures. Based on panel data of China’s first batch low altitude economy pilot cities from 2018 to 2025, this paper takes the development level of the low altitude economy as the core explanatory variable, and rural employment structure and farmers’ income structure as the explained variables. It adopts descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, the difference in differences (DID) model and the mediating effect model to empirically examine the impact effect and transmission paths of the low altitude economy on rural non agricultural employment, wage income, operating income and property income. The empirical results indicate that the low altitude economy significantly raises the proportion of rural non agricultural employment and facilitates the transfer of rural labor to non agricultural posts. It exerts prominent promotion effects on farmers’ wage income and property income and optimizes their income structure. The pilot policies generate significant positive net effects and substantially empower the growth of wage and property income. Industrial structure upgrading plays a partial mediating effect and acts as a vital transmission channel through which the low altitude economy affects farmers’ wage income. Accordingly, this paper puts forward countermeasures from five dimensions: low altitude infrastructure construction, application scenario expansion, vocational skill training, policy guarantee and industrial integration, so as to provide empirical evidence for empowering rural revitalization via the low altitude economy.

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