城镇在业老年人工作因素与抑郁症状的关联：基于CFPS 2022数据

潘嘉淇

doi:10.70693/202609156938

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城镇在业老年人工作因素与抑郁症状的关联：基于CFPS 2022数据

Job Factors and Depressive Symptoms among Urban Working Older Adults in China: Evidence from the China Family Panel Studies 2022

作者：潘嘉淇

单位：华南师范大学，心理学院

卷期：2026年10月-2卷10期

通讯作者：潘嘉淇

DOI：10.70693/202609156938

页码：17-23

发布时间：2026-10-05

总浏览量：191

摘要

目的在渐进式延迟法定退休年龄改革背景下，考察客观工作特征和主观工作评价与城镇在业老年人抑郁症状筛查阳性的关联。方法基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2022年数据，纳入495名城镇在业且≥60周岁的受访者。采用流调中心抑郁量表简版（CES-D 8）测量抑郁症状，以总分≥9分界定筛查阳性。暴露为每周工作时长、从事脑力劳动、退休后再就业及工作收入、安全、环境、时间满意度共7项工作因素。采用修正Poisson回归估计筛查阳性率比（PR）及其95%CI，以联合Wald检验评价工时三分类的总体关联，并以限制性立方样条检验潜在非线性关联；模型调整年龄、性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度、自评社会地位、退休金领取状况、自评健康状况与慢性病。结果抑郁症状筛查阳性率为22.4%（111/495）。调整后，从事脑力劳动（aPR=0.41，95%CI：0.18～0.97，P=0.043）与工作收入表示满意（aPR=0.69，95%CI：0.48～0.99，P=0.042）与较低的筛查阳性率相关。未发现每周工作时长三分类与抑郁状态存在总体关联（联合Wald检验P=0.265）；限制性立方样条的总体关联（P=0.232）与非线性关联（P=0.323）亦未达到统计学意义。结论在本研究样本中，从事脑力劳动和工作收入表示满意与较低的抑郁症状筛查阳性率相关，每周工作时长未观察到明确关联。上述结果属于探索性发现，仍需更大样本与纵向研究验证。

关键词

城镇在业老年人；工作因素；抑郁症状；中国家庭追踪调查

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:China began raising the statutory retirement age progressively in January 2025, potentially increasing paid employment among older adults. Evidence linking work factors to mental health remains limited. We examined associations of objective job characteristics and subjective job appraisals with depressive symptoms among urban working older adults. METHODS:We analysed the 2022 wave of the China Family Panel Studies, including 495 urban workers aged ≥60 years. Depressive symptoms were measured with the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 8); a score of 9 or above defined a positive screen. Seven work factors were examined: weekly working hours (<35, 35–54, ≥55 h/week), mainly mental versus manual work, post-retirement re-employment, and satisfaction with pay, safety, work environment and working time. Modified poisson regression with an HC1 robust covariance matrix estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, self-rated social status, pension receipt, self-rated health and chronic disease. A joint Wald test evaluated the overall association across working-hour categories, and restricted cubic splines tested non-linearity. RESULTS:The positive screening prevalence was 22.4% (111/495). After adjustment, mainly mental work (aPR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.97; P=0.043) and satisfaction with pay (aPR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48–0.99; P=0.042) were associated with lower prevalence. Compared with <35 h/week, neither 35–54 h/week (aPR 1.33, 0.91–1.94) nor ≥55 h/week (aPR 1.34, 0.88–2.05) was associated, and no overall association emerged (joint Wald P=0.265); splines showed neither an overall (P=0.232) nor a non-linear (P=0.323) association. No other work factors showed statistically significant associations. CONCLUSIONS:Job content and workers’ appraisal of pay may be more closely related to depressive symptoms than hours worked. These cross-sectional findings are exploratory and require longitudinal replication.

Keywords

older workers; working hours; job satisfaction; depressive symptoms; CES-D 8; China Family Panel Studies

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引用本文

潘嘉淇. 城镇在业老年人工作因素与抑郁症状的关联：基于CFPS 2022数据[J]. 人文与社会科学学刊. 2026, 2 (10): 17-23. DOI: 10.70693/202609156938.

APA引用

潘嘉淇. (2026). 城镇在业老年人工作因素与抑郁症状的关联：基于CFPS 2022数据. 人文与社会科学学刊, 2 (10), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.70693/202609156938

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