摘要

在《教育强国建设规划纲要（2024—2035年）》提出“中小学生每天综合体育活动时间不低于2小时”的政策背景下，小学体育课时量显著增加，“每周4节体育课+大课间+课后体育服务”的活动格局逐步形成，场地资源约束与体育活动需求扩张之间的矛盾日益凸显。本研究成都市城区公办小学为个案，采用实地测量、课堂观察与半结构化访谈法，系统考察课时增量后大课间与体育课次叠加引发的场地供需冲突。研究发现：调研学校人均体育场地面积低于国家标准，典型时段场地占用率最高达186%，冲突集中表现为热身环节操场空间不足、篮球场地多班争抢、排球场地功能错位、足球场地与跑道互相干扰等，呈现“总量不足—时段重叠—空间错配”三重矛盾。冲突成因涉及政策驱动下的课时刚性增长、校园空间禀赋的历史欠账以及排课管理的碎片化。基于此，提出“分时错峰、分区轮转、功能复合、课程适配、协同调度”五项优化策略，并经30天试点验证，场地峰值占用率由186%降至132%，学生人均活动空间显著改善。研究为资源约束型学校破解体育场地供需矛盾提供了可操作的实践路径。

Abstract

Against the policy background of Outline for the Construction Plan of a Powerful Country in Education (2024–2035) which stipulates that primary and secondary school students shall have no less than two hours of comprehensive physical activity every day, the hours of physical education (PE) classes in primary schools have increased significantly. An activity framework featuring "four PE classes per week, morning break exercises, and after-school sports services" has gradually taken shape. Meanwhile, the contradiction between the constraints of venue resources and the expanding demand for physical activities has become increasingly prominent. Taking public primary schools in urban areas of Chengdu as case subjects, this study adopts field measurement, classroom observation and semi-structured interviews to systematically investigate the supply-demand conflict of sports venues triggered by the superposition of morning break activities and PE sessions after the expansion of class hours. The results show that the per capita sports venue area of the surveyed schools is lower than the national standard, and the peak venue occupancy rate reaches 186% during typical periods. The conflicts are mainly reflected in insufficient playground space for warm-up sessions, competition for basketball courts among multiple classes, functional misalignment of volleyball courts, and mutual interference between football fields and runways, presenting a triple contradiction of "insufficient total space, overlapping time slots and mismatched spatial functions". The causes of conflicts include the rigid growth of class hours driven by policies, historical deficits in campus space endowment, and fragmented scheduling management. Accordingly, five optimization strategies are put forward: time-sharing and staggered arrangement, zonal rotation, compound venue functions, curriculum adaptation and collaborative scheduling. Verified by a 30-day pilot, the peak venue occupancy rate dropped from 186% to 132%, and the per capita activity space for students was greatly improved. This research provides operable practical approaches for schools with limited resources to resolve the supply-demand contradiction of sports venues.

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