摘要

第二次世界大战爆发后，受食品进口依赖、海上运输受限及战争资源竞争影响，英国粮食安全压力加剧。为提高食品自给能力并节约商船运力，政府将城市份地、私人花园和闲置公共土地纳入国家食品生产体系。该政策并非临时措施，而是既有份地制度、地方行政体系和战前食品防卫规划在总体战条件下的延伸。中央政府通过扩大地方土地使用权限、增加份地供给、推动私人花园生产化，并开展园艺教育与宣传，逐步形成多主体参与的城市食品生产体系。尽管1939—1940年的动员规模有限，但已初步建立城市土地、家庭劳动与国家粮食安全之间的制度联系，为“为了胜利挖掘”运动的全面展开奠定基础。

Abstract

After the outbreak of the Second World War, Britain faced mounting pressure on food security due to its heavy dependence on food imports, restrictions on maritime transportation, and intensified competition for wartime resources. To increase domestic food self-sufficiency and conserve merchant shipping capacity, the British government incorporated urban allotments, private gardens, and vacant public land into the national food production system. This policy was not merely an improvised wartime measure, but rather an extension, under the conditions of total war, of the existing allotment system, local administrative structures, and pre-war food defence planning. By expanding local authorities’ powers over land use, increasing the provision of allotments, encouraging the productive use of private gardens, and promoting horticultural education and publicity, the central government gradually established an urban food production system involving multiple actors. Although the scale of mobilization remained limited in 1939–1940, these measures had already begun to institutionalize the relationship between urban land, household labour, and national food security, thereby laying the foundation for the full-scale development of the “Dig for Victory” campaign.

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