呼吸肌训练对运动表现的影响及其生理机制：研究进展与展望

何龙

doi:10.70693/202609089025

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呼吸肌训练对运动表现的影响及其生理机制：研究进展与展望

Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training on Athletic Performance and Its Physiological Mechanisms: Research Progress and Prospects

作者：何龙

单位：贵州医科大学

卷期：2026年10月-2卷10期

通讯作者：张博华

DOI：10.70693/202609089025

页码：90-94

发布时间：2026-10-05

总浏览量：183

摘要

呼吸肌训练（respiratory muscle training, RMT）作为提升运动表现的新型训练手段，近年来在体育科学领域受到广泛关注。本文系统综述了呼吸肌的结构与功能特征、运动中呼吸肌疲劳的发生机制及其对运动表现的制约作用，梳理了RMT的主要训练类型与参数优化方案，归纳了RMT在耐力性项目、技巧性与平衡性项目、球类与对抗性项目中的应用现状，并从肌纤维结构适应、肺通气功能增强、呼吸代谢反射减弱、核心稳定性与动力链优化四个方面阐述了RMT改善运动表现的生理机制。现有Meta分析证据表明，RMT可显著提高运动员最大吸气压（大效应量）、肺活量、每分最大通气量及计时测试成绩，其中吸气压力阈值负荷训练、持续8~12周、每周5~7天的方案效果最优。最后指出当前研究在样本代表性、机制研究深度、长期效果追踪等方面的不足，并对未来研究方向进行展望。

关键词

呼吸肌训练；运动表现；呼吸肌疲劳；呼吸代谢反射；核心稳定性；

Abstract

Respiratory muscle training (RMT), as a novel training method for improving athletic performance, has received extensive attention in sports science. This paper systematically reviews the structural and functional characteristics of respiratory muscles, the mechanisms of exercise-induced respiratory muscle fatigue and its restrictive effects on athletic performance, summarizes the main training types and parameter optimization schemes of RMT, and reviews its application status in endurance events, skill and balance events, as well as ball and combat sports. The physiological mechanisms by which RMT improves athletic performance are elaborated from four aspects: muscle fiber structural adaptation, enhanced pulmonary ventilation, attenuated respiratory metaboreflex, and optimized core stability and kinetic chain transmission. Existing meta-analysis evidence indicates that RMT can significantly improve athletes' maximal inspiratory pressure (large effect size), forced vital capacity, maximal voluntary ventilation, and time-trial performance, with inspiratory pressure threshold loading training lasting 8-12 weeks at a frequency of 5-7 days per week yielding the optimal effects. Finally, this paper points out the limitations of current research and prospects future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical references for the scientific application of RMT in sports training practice.

Keywords

respiratory muscle training; athletic performance; respiratory muscle fatigue; respiratory metaboreflex; core stability;

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引用本文

何龙. 呼吸肌训练对运动表现的影响及其生理机制：研究进展与展望[J]. 人文与社会科学学刊. 2026, 2 (10): 90-94. DOI: 10.70693/202609089025.

APA引用

何龙. (2026). 呼吸肌训练对运动表现的影响及其生理机制：研究进展与展望. 人文与社会科学学刊, 2 (10), 90-94. https://doi.org/10.70693/202609089025

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