摘要

渐进式延迟退休改革的全面推进，将持续扩大超龄就业群体的规模。然而现行法律框架下“劳动关系—劳务关系”二元认定结构的制度缺陷，使超龄劳动者长期游离于工伤保险等核心劳动权益的制度庇护之外。2025年，最高人民法院出台《关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律问题的解释（二）》废止了原有规则，人力资源和社会保障部同步发布《超龄劳动者基本权益保障暂行规定（征求意见稿）》，在国家层面形成了重要制度突破。本文梳理超龄劳动者权益保障的制度困境，分析国家层面制度回应的逻辑演进，考察浙江、江苏等省份的先行探索，并结合山东省工伤保险省级统筹的制度优势，提出具体完善路径，以期为延迟退休改革配套制度建设提供参考。

Abstract

The comprehensive advancement of the gradual delayed retirement reform will continue to expand the scale of the overage employment group. However, the institutional flaw in the binary recognition structure of "labor relations—service relations" under the current legal framework leaves overage workers long excluded from the protective mechanisms of core labor rights, such as work-related injury insurance. In 2025, the Supreme People's Court issued the "Interpretation on Legal Issues Concerning the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases (II)," which repealed the existing rules. Concurrently, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security released the "Interim Provisions on the Protection of Basic Rights and Interests of Overage Workers (Draft for Comments)," marking a significant institutional breakthrough at the national level. This article examines the institutional challenges in safeguarding the rights of overage workers, analyzes the logical evolution of national-level institutional responses, reviews the pioneering efforts of provinces such as Zhejiang and Jiangsu, and proposes specific improvement pathways by leveraging the institutional advantages of provincial-level work-related injury insurance coordination in Shandong, aiming to provide references for the development of supporting systems for the delayed retirement reform.

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