清后期古州厅聚落分布与民族交往研究

摘要

古州厅地处都柳江中上游枢纽地带，置厅后受“改土归流”政策推行与水陆交通改善的推动，苗、侗、汉等民族在此进一步交汇融合，至清后期已成为聚落空间建构与民族交往的典型区域。本文依托方志资料建立聚落信息库，考察清后期古州厅的聚落空间分布与形态特征。研究发现，侗、苗、水、瑶、汉等民族在聚落高程分布上呈现垂直分层特征，近半数聚落以山水方位命名，折射出不同族群的空间认知差异。都柳江水道与古驿道网络构成区域交通骨架，盐运与木材贸易推动了“沿路聚居”格局的形成。经济交流与市场网络的构建、文化交融与信仰空间的共享，则进一步促进了民族关系的深层整合。清代古州厅民族交往的不断深化，为此后该地区形成多元一体民族格局奠定了空间与社会基础。

Abstract

Guzhou Subprefecture was located in the pivotal area of the upper and middle reaches of the Duliu River. After its establishment, driven by the gaitu guiliu(replacement of native chieftains with regular officials) policy and the improvement of water-land transportation, ethnic groups including the Miao, Dong, and Han achieved further interaction and integration in this region. By the late Qing Dynasty, Guzhou Subprefecture had become a typical region of settlement spatial construction and ethnic interaction. Based on local gazetteer data, this paper establishes a settlement information database and examines the spatial distribution and morphological characteristics of settlements in Guzhou Subprefecture during the late Qing Dynasty. The findings indicate that ethnic groups including the Dong, Miao, Shui, Yao, and Han exhibited vertical stratification in the elevation distribution of settlements, and nearly half of the settlements were named after the orientation of mountains and rivers, reflecting differences in spatial cognition across ethnic groups. The Duliu River waterway and the ancient post road network constituted the regional transportation framework, while salt transportation and timber trade promoted the formation of a "settlement aggregation along transportation routes" pattern. Economic exchanges and the construction of market networks, along with cultural integration and the sharing of religious spaces, further facilitated the deeper integration of ethnic relations. The continuous deepening of ethnic interaction in Guzhou Subprefecture during the Qing Dynasty laid the spatial and social foundation for the formation of a pluralistic and integrated ethnic pattern in this region in subsequent periods.

参考文献