健康中国背景下城市社区老年体育服务供给困境与优化路径 ——基于政策文本与相关文献的分析

摘要

在健康中国与积极应对人口老龄化背景下，城市社区既是老年人日常体育参与的重要生活场域，也是全民健身公共服务向基层延伸的重要载体。本文采用文献资料法、政策文本分析法和逻辑分析法，在梳理健康中国、全民健身、老年体育公共服务及体卫融合相关政策与研究成果的基础上，构建“需求适配—服务能力—健康协同—多元治理”分析框架，对城市社区老年体育服务供给的现实基础、主要困境及优化路径进行分析。分析认为，当前城市社区老年体育服务供给已由单纯场地设施配置逐步向健康促进与综合服务拓展，但仍面临老年群体需求分层与服务供给同质化并存、设施适老化与专业指导能力不足、体育服务与基层健康管理衔接不充分、多元主体协同机制不健全等问题。为此，应完善需求识别与分层分类供给机制，推进适老化空间与专业指导协同建设，构建体卫融合的老年运动健康服务链，并健全政府引导、社区落实、社会组织参与、医疗机构支持和家庭协同的治理机制，以提升城市社区老年体育服务供给的精准性、专业性与可持续性。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the Healthy China initiative and active responses to population aging, urban communities are both important everyday settings for older adults' participation in physical activity and key carriers through which public fitness services extend to the grassroots level. Using literature review, policy text analysis, and logical analysis, this study reviews policies and research related to Healthy China, national fitness, public sports services for older adults, and the integration of sports and health, and develops an analytical framework comprising demand adaptation, service capacity, health coordination, and multi-actor governance. The study analyzes the practical foundations, major constraints, and optimization paths of sports service supply for older adults in urban communities. The analysis shows that such services are gradually shifting from the provision of venues and facilities toward health promotion and integrated services, yet problems remain, including the coexistence of differentiated needs and homogeneous service supply, insufficient age-friendly facilities and professional guidance, weak links between sports services and primary-level health management, and underdeveloped coordination among multiple actors. Accordingly, urban communities should improve mechanisms for demand identification and tiered service provision, coordinate age-friendly space renewal with professional guidance, build an integrated sports-and-health service chain for older adults, and strengthen a governance mechanism led by government, implemented by communities, supported by social organizations and medical institutions, and coordinated with families, so as to enhance the precision, professionalism, and sustainability of service supply.

参考文献