洋务运动时期外语教育政策的形成及影响因素研究

摘要

摘 要：洋务运动时期是我国近代外语教育政策从无到有的关键阶段，也是传统教育向近代化转型的重要时期。面对鸦片战争后复杂的外交局势与洋务运动发展的需求，清政府逐步构建起完整的外语教育政策体系，其以官办外国语学堂为核心，以留学教育为补充，指导思想为“中体西用”。本文梳理了洋务运动时期我国外语教育政策形成脉络，分析了政治、经济、思想、文化等多重因素对政策制定的影响，总结了政策实施的历史意义与局限性。其探索为我国现代外语教育政策的发展奠定了基础，也对当代外语教育有一定借鉴价值。

Abstract

The Westernization Movement marked a pivotal stage when China’s modern foreign language education policies took initial shape, as well as a critical period witnessing the transformation of traditional education toward modernization. Confronted with intricate diplomatic circumstances after the First Opium War and the developmental demands of the Westernization Movement, the Qing government gradually established a comprehensive foreign language education policy system centered on state-run foreign language schools and supplemented by overseas study programs, guided by the ideology of “Chinese learning as the fundamental structure, Western learning for practical application”. This paper sorts out the evolutionary context of foreign language education policies in the Westernization Movement period, analyzes the impacts of multiple factors including politics, economy, ideology and culture on policy formulation, and summarizes the historical significance and limitations of policy implementation. The explorations in this era laid a foundation for the evolution of China’s modern foreign language education policies and offer valuable references for contemporary foreign language education.

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