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“隐而不逸”:论明遗民从“外王”走向“内圣”的隐逸心理——以王夫之为例

"Reclusive but Not Carefree": On the Reclusive Mentality of Ming Loyalists in Their Shift from "Outer Kingliness" to "Inner Sageliness" — A Case Study of Wang Fuzhi

作者:方慧琳
单位:同济大学
卷期:2026年8月-2卷8期
页码:173-178
发布时间:2026-08-06
总浏览量:157

摘要

明末清初是中国历史上大分化、大变革、大动荡的特殊时代。面对朝代鼎革,王夫之先是进行武装反清,后失望于南明朝廷,走向了遗民之隐。异族的统治、清廷的逼迫,使得王夫之将“隐”作为一种抵抗清朝的消极方式。然而,王夫之从未享有隐居之乐,物质上和精神上的压力都使他陷入痛苦和煎熬的境地,“隐而不逸”是其隐逸心理的真实写照。但不逸之隐有其重要意义,从“外王”到“内圣”的存道之法,正是王夫之在无道之世中隐居的意义所在,也是王夫之身为前朝遗民的价值所在。

关键词

王夫之;隐而不逸;内圣外王;遗民存道

Abstract

The late Ming and early Qing dynasties constituted a distinctive era marked by profound division, drastic transformation and violent turmoil in Chinese history. Confronted with the dynastic transition, Wang Fuzhi first launched armed resistance against the Qing regime. Disillusioned by the Southern Ming court later on, he embraced the reclusive life of a loyalist to the fallen dynasty. The alien rule of the ethnic minority and persistent suppression by the Qing court led Wang Fuzhi to regard seclusion as a passive form of resistance against the Qing Dynasty. Nevertheless, Wang Fuzhi never savored the peace and contentment of a hermit’s life. Suffering from both material deprivation and spiritual torment, he endured relentless anguish and affliction, a state perfectly encapsulated by the phrase "reclusive but not carefree", which truthfully reflects his inner mentality as a hermit. This uneasy seclusion, however, carried profound significance. His shift from pursuing "outer kingliness" to upholding "inner sageliness" as a way to preserve orthodox Dao embodied the core meaning of his reclusion amid a disordered age, as well as the intrinsic value of his identity as a surviving loyalist of the preceding Ming Dynasty.

Keywords

Wang Fuzhi; Reclusive but Not Carefree; Inner Sageliness and Outer Kingliness; Preserving Orthodox Dao as a Loyalist

引用本文

方慧琳. “隐而不逸”:论明遗民从“外王”走向“内圣”的隐逸心理——以王夫之为例[J]. 人文与社会科学学刊. 2026, 2 (8): 173-178. DOI: 10.70693/202607146809.

APA引用

方慧琳. (2026). “隐而不逸”:论明遗民从“外王”走向“内圣”的隐逸心理——以王夫之为例. 人文与社会科学学刊, 2 (8), 173-178. https://doi.org/10.70693/202607146809

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