VR技术支持下宗教建筑沉浸式展示与用户体验研究

摘要

在国家文化数字化战略与文物保护技术创新不断推进的背景下，虚拟现实（VR）技术为历史建筑遗产的展示与传播提供了新的路径与方法。本文以哈尔滨呼兰天主教堂为研究对象，围绕其数字化保护与沉浸式展示需求，构建基于无人机倾斜摄影与多源数据融合的三维重建方法，并在此基础上设计VR沉浸式展示系统，整合建筑历史信息、空间结构特征与文化叙事内容，形成“数字化建模—场景还原—交互体验”一体化展示框架。同时，结合临场感理论与场所叙事方法，从沉浸感、认知理解与情感体验三个维度构建用户体验评价体系，并通过实验与行为观察对系统效果进行分析。研究结果表明，基于VR的沉浸式展示能够显著提升用户对宗教建筑文化价值的认知深度与情感共鸣，增强文化传播的交互性与体验性，为宗教建筑及同类文化遗产的数字化保护与传播提供了可参考的技术路径与理论支持。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the national strategy for cultural digitalization and continuous innovation in cultural heritage conservation technology, virtual reality (VR) offers new avenues and methods for the presentation and dissemination of historic architectural heritage. Taking the Hulan Catholic Church in Harbin as a case study, this paper addresses the requirements for its digital preservation and immersive presentation by developing a 3D reconstruction method based on UAV oblique photography and multi-source data fusion. Building on this, an immersive VR presentation system was designed to integrate historical architectural information, spatial structural characteristics, and cultural narratives, thereby establishing an integrated presentation framework comprising "digital modeling, scene reconstruction, and interactive experience." Furthermore, drawing on presence theory and place-based narrative methods, a user experience evaluation system was constructed across three dimensions—immersion, cognitive understanding, and emotional experience—and the system's effectiveness was analyzed through experiments and behavioral observation. The results demonstrate that the VR-based immersive presentation significantly deepens users' understanding of the cultural value of religious architecture and fosters emotional resonance, while enhancing the interactivity and experiential quality of cultural dissemination; this provides a valuable technical pathway and theoretical basis for the digital preservation and dissemination of religious architecture and similar cultural heritage.

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